Videoconferencing systems with recognition ability

ABSTRACT

A videoconferencing system which encodes different streams of information. The information may include video, audio, speech recognized versions of the audio, and language translated versions of the audio. Text may be sent as part of the videoconference.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/754,121, filed Jan. 9, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,425,980, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/064,158, filed Jun. 14, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,693,663, the entirety of both of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Videoconferencing systems allow users to communicate interactively, while seeing one another, even though they are not physically in the same place.

SUMMARY

The present application teaches advancements for videoconferencing systems. One aspect of this system recognizes voices and converts the voice as recognized to another form. Another aspect considers compensation for time delays which may occur in the system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other aspects will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a basic embodiment of a videoconferencing system;

FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of operations including retranslation of language and time alignment;

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary screen on a videoconferencing system;

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of operation of the exclusive access embodiment;

FIG. 5 shows a timing chart of the exclusive access system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A block diagram of the videoconferencing system is shown in FIG. 1. A first user 100 is shown with a video camera 105 and an audio microphone 110. The video 106 and audio 111 are fed into respective inputs within the videoconferencing computer module 115, with the video camera being input into a video input, and the microphone being input into an audio input. The module 115 prepares the information for sending over the channel. A transmission device, e.g. a coding module, may carry out the transmission over the channel. The videoconferencing module 115 also receives communication information from the channel, from other comparable modules on the channel.

In order to conserve bandwidth, the videoconferencing computer may digitize and compress the video 106 and audio 111. The output signal is often a digital form signal 120. The digital output 120 is sent over the channel, here a network 125, to a corresponding videoconferencing computer 130 at a distant end. The videoconferencing computer 130 includes a display element 135 that displays the video and audio that have been sent over the network.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the videoconferencing computer 115 may be thought of as the master, since it is sending the information to the videoconferencing computer 130. The videoconferencing computer 130 may be thought of as the slave, receiving the information from computer 115. Of course, in a usual system, the videoconferencing computer 130 will also include camera and microphone 136 to enable two-way communication. Correspondingly, the videoconferencing computer 115 will include a display 111. That means that sometimes the videoconferencing computer 115 is acting as the master with the videoconferencing computer 130 acting as the slave. At other times, the functions are reversed.

FIG. 1 also shows some additional controls 145. These controls include the exclusive access request, in which a master requests exclusive access for a time, and the “raise hand” request, in which one of the computers, when communicating as a slave, signals its desire to become the master.

According to an embodiment, the master operates according to the flowchart of FIG. 2. All of these operations may be carried out by a processor within the computer 154 and/or may be carried out for more dedicated hardware within the computer. It should also be understood that some operations specified by this flowchart may be carried out without carrying out the remaining operations.

It is conventional to compress the information being transmitted over videoconference, in order to make maximum use of the bandwidth available. At 200, both the video and sound are compressed. However, there is often more information in the video, and hence it may take longer computational wise to compress and transmit the video than the sound. In the embodiment, both the video and sound are compressed along with a timestamp indicative of their time of creation. Here, the video and sound are stored along with the timestamp TS1, indicating the time when that batch was produced. The timestamps may be produced at any desired time interval, for example every one-third second, or at the beginning of any spoken phrase.

The sound is also recognized at 205. For example, this may use a conventional speech to voice, speaker independent, voice recognition system. This produces text indicative of the spoken word. Again, this text is stored along with a timestamp indicative of the time of creation, again here TS1. The voice recognition may take even longer than the compression.

200, 205 show the timestamps (TS1) indicating the time when the video/sound/recognition was carried out. The actual time when the information is compressed is also shown, that is the video is compressed at time x1; the sound at time x2 and the voice recognition at time x3. At 210 an optional step of retranslation may be carried out. For example, a language conversion program may be used on the voice-recognized text in order to retranslate that text into a desired language at 215. This is also stored along with timestamp TS1 and is carried out at x4. At 220, all of the information, including the compressed video and sound, voice-recognized sound (which may be, for example, textual information), and translated information corresponding to the voice recognized sound, is aligned in time, so that it may be sent aligned in time. As an alternative, the information is sent as available, along with the timestamp information. The information is then time aligned at the remote end. Whether aligned at the transmitting end, or at the remote end, the time stamp information may be used to align the different parts of the message in time.

At 225, this information may be sent to the slave.

230 represents receiving an off-line access request from the slave. This is done, for example, during the time when the master has requested “exclusive access”. During the exclusive access, all the slaves are sent a message that instructs the slaves that another unit has exclusive access. The slaves, therefore, are prohibited from sending a message during this time. This prevents two different users from talking at the same time, and allows one speaker to “have the floor”. However, during the time that the one “master” has exclusive access, any of the “slaves” can send an off-line access request at 230. The off-line access request allows any of the slaves to signal a desire to speak. This may cause a “raise hand” icon to be sent to the master, so that the user at the master recognizes that someone else wants to speak.

In one embodiment, questions may be recorded and sent from slave to master. For example, packets representing the audio, video, text, and other, may be sent, representing a question. At that time, a “question pending” icon may be received and displayed, so that the master recognizes that a question is waiting. If the packet includes text indicative of the question, the text may be displayed while the master is still maintaining exclusive access. An exemplary display is shown in FIG. 3. This figure shows how a panel 300 of the display is displayed side-by-side with the actual display itself 305. This panel may include the text comments 310 that are sent and displayed at 235. The panel may also include a raise hand icon 315, a question pending icon 320, and an icon 325 indicating that the current system has exclusive access. An inactive icon shown as 330 indicates that another has exclusive access, and during this time, only certain kinds of communications can be made. In addition, any recognized or translated information can be displayed as close captioning, for example, shown as 330. This information may be transmitted as part of the transmitted video information, or can be transmitted using conventional closed captioning techniques.

FIG. 4 represents the routine which is being carried out in the “slave”. At 400, the slave receives the transmission which may include video, voice and text. The text may be both same language text or translated text, and may be as part of the digital information, or in closed captioning parts of the signal. An optional operation at 405 may convert the same language text into another language. For example, any of a number of clients may convert the information to their own desired language.

At 410, the received information is displayed. The time alignment markers may be used to maintain alignment, and/or the alignment can be taken from the way in which the information is transmitted. For example, since alignment is carried out at 220, time-aligned signals can be received and immediately displayed.

At 415, the system detects whether another unit has exclusive access. If not, the exclusive access request is enabled at 420. However, if another unit has exclusive access, then at 425, online communication is disabled, but off-line communication is enabled. The off-line communications that are enabled at 425 include the raise hand and question icons, which enable that sending/displaying the icon for either raising a hand or asking a question to the current “master”. Another operation at 435, records packets of information (video and sound or just sound). The voice is voice recognized at 435, and text only is sent. The text is displayed in FIG. 3 at 310. In this way, the exclusive-access user can see the text simultaneously with other operations. 440 shows the different action in which packets are recorded. These packets can be sent later, that is when the exclusive access ends. In both cases, the master unit is signaled that communication is pending. FIG. 3 shows the icon 335 which signals that an incoming communication is still pending.

When the master has exclusive access, it prevents two people talking at once. However, multi-unit conversation is still possible, since other units can send questions which can be displayed to the master, and can send requests as icons which can also be displayed.

However, during times of nonexclusive access, it is also possible for two people to talk at once. This is because there is often a delay between the time when one person is talking, and the time when the other unit receives that talking. For example, FIG. 5 shows how this can happen. The unit 1 is talking during the time T-1. During the time T-2, operations are carried out including alignment operations and compression operations as well as latency in the system. The information is sent during T3, and presumably received at T-4. However, during the times prior to T-1, another unit might not realize that the first unit is talking. Unit 505 is shown beginning to talk at the time T-2, which is between the end of the first unit talking and the reception. More generally, this may be happening any time between T-1 and T-4.

In this embodiment, when the user begins talking at T-1, an exclusive flag is raised shown as 510. This exclusive flag is sent to the slave at 515, and lights a light on the slave indicating that the slave should not talk. Effectively, this indicates that a communication from another unit is pending. At 505, the other unit become begins talking anyway. However, the communication sent to the unit prevents the other talking from being transmitted. At 530, the information is recorded. 525 represents the end of the sending period, that is when all the information recorded during T-1 is finished sending. At T-5, this information, recorded during the time T-2, is sent. In this way, the users are prevented from talking at the same time. Collisions are avoided, and every user gets to hear what the other user says.

Although only a few embodiments have been disclosed in detail above, other modifications are possible. For example, the text, and language converted text, can be played by a text to voice synthesizer, instead of being displayed as text. All such modifications are intended to be encompassed within the following claims. 

1. A video conferencing method, comprising: receiving a video sequence including video data and audio data associated with the video data; compressing the video data using a first process to generate compressed video data; compressing the audio data using a second process to generate compressed audio data; associating a first time stamp with the compressed video data, the first time stamp being indicative of a time associated with compression of the video data; associating a second time stamp with the compressed audio data, the second time stamp indicating a time associated with compression of the audio data; and transmitting the compressed video data, first time stamp, compressed audio data, and second time stamp.
 2. A method as in claim 1 wherein the first time stamp and the second time stamp represent one of a plurality of intervals of time indicative of the time associated with the compression of the audio data and the time associated with the compression of the video data.
 3. A method as in claim 1, wherein the first and second time stamps are created in response to determining a predetermined phrase within the audio data.
 4. A method as in claim 1, further comprising generating text associated with the video and audio data, and storing the text along with another time stamp that synchronizes the text with the video and audio data.
 5. A method as in claim 4, wherein said generating text comprises recognition of words within said audio data.
 6. A method as in claim 4, wherein said generating text further comprises generating text in a plurality of different languages, the text generated in each of the plurality of different languages representing substantially similar content including at least first text in a first language having the first timestamp, and second text in a second language representing substantially similar information as the first text and the second text being associated with the first time stamp.
 7. A method as in claim 1, wherein the compressing the video data and the compressing the audio data are completed at different-times, and the compressed audio data and the compressed video data are transmitted at aligned times.
 8. A method as in claim 1, wherein the compressing the video data and the compressing the audio data are completed at different-times, and the compressed audio data and the compressed video data are transmitted at non aligned times.
 9. An apparatus, comprising: a signal compressor configured to compress a video sequence to generate a compressed video data and compressed audio data and associate the compressed audio and video data with time alignment information indicative of a time of generation of the compressed audio and video data; and a transmission component configured to transmit the compressed audio and video data and the time alignment information.
 10. An apparatus as in claim 9, wherein the time alignment information comprises a first time stamp indicative of a time associated with the compressed video data and a second time stamp indicative of a time associated with the compressed audio data.
 11. An apparatus as in claim 9, wherein the time alignment information includes an order of the compressed audio and video data.
 12. An apparatus as in claim 9, wherein the time alignment information is operative for alignment of the video sequence upon decompression of the compressed audio and video data.
 13. An apparatus as in claim 10 wherein the time stamps are representative specified intervals of time.
 14. An apparatus as in claim 10, wherein the time stamps are generated in response to identification of a specified audio phrase within the video sequence.
 15. An apparatus as in claim 9, further comprising a text generation component configured to generate text data based on the video sequence, wherein the time alignment information includes information operative to align the text data and the video sequence.
 16. An apparatus as in claim 15, wherein said text generation component is further configured to recognize spoken words within said video sequence.
 17. An apparatus as in claim 15, wherein said text data is generated in a plurality of different languages.
 18. An apparatus as in claim 9, wherein the compressed audio and video data are transmitted at aligned times.
 19. An apparatus as in claim 9, wherein the compressed audio and video data are transmitted at non aligned times.
 20. A videoconferencing apparatus, comprising: means for generating compressed video data from a videoconferencing video stream; means for generating a compressed audio data based on a videoconferencing audio stream; means for generating text data based on the videoconferencing audio stream; and means for generating time alignment information indicative of a time of generation of the compressed video, audio, and text data and operable for time aligning the compressed video data, compressed audio data, and the text data.
 21. An apparatus as in claim 20, wherein the means for generating time alignment information includes means for associating a first time stamp with said compressed video data the first time stamp being indicative of a time associated with said compressed video data information, and means for associating a second time stamp with the compressed audio data the second time stamp indicating a time associated with the compressed audio data, and means for associating a third time stamp with a time of creation of the text data.
 22. An apparatus as in claim 20, further comprising means for a storing the compressed video data associated the time alignment information.
 23. An apparatus as in claim 20, further comprising means for adjusting a time of storing the compressed video data, a time of storing the compressed audio data, and a time of storing the text data.
 24. An apparatus as in claim 20, further comprising means for transmitting the compressed video data, the compressed audio data, the text data, and the time alignment information.
 25. An apparatus as in claim 20, further comprising means for recognizing words within the videoconferencing audio stream.
 26. An apparatus as in claim 20, wherein said text data is in a plurality of different languages.
 27. A computer readable storage medium comprising computer readable instructions, comprising: instructions for compressing video data using a first process to generate compressed video data; instructions for compressing audio data using a second process to generate compressed audio data; instructions for associating a first time stamp with the compressed video data, the first time stamp being indicative of a time associated with compression of the video data; instructions for associating a second time stamp with the compressed audio data, the second time stamp indicating a time associated with compression of the audio data; and instructions for transmitting the compressed video data, first time stamp, compressed audio data, and second time stamp. 